战国时期刀币

国雅臻
2021-08-25 13:49 来自四川省

战国刀币,币身有郭,尖首,弧背凹刃,柄端有圆环,柄背面各有两道竖斜突纹。面文“齐建邦张法化”六子篆书。背面上部有三道横突纹。

“刀币”正式称谓是“刀化(货)刀币”,由刀首、刀身、刀柄和刀环四个部分组成。刀之缘以外廓,刃不向外,向左而不向右,所说凹背凸刃,刀首近于三象形,刀身和刀柄是大小相近的两个长方形,刀环呈圆形,这几种几何形体巧妙地组合在一起形成了一种平稳周正、丰满、圆润的形象美和和谐美。据实际测量,刀环的直径与刀首的长度是1:7.5,恰好是人的头部与身高的比例。而整个“刀币”的长度(一般为18厘米左右)又几乎是人手的长度,如果将6枚刀币首尾相接,可组成一个圆环,这就是《周礼考工记》中所说的“筑氏为削,长尺博寸,合六面成规”。这些精确的设计和巧妙的构想,是古代劳动人民聪明才智的充分体现。以后随着齐国疆土的扩大和与邻国交战,齐国的刀币流通范围逐渐扩大到燕、赵地区。此时的刀币因为铸地不同、形体各异而形成了“齐刀”、“燕刀”、“赵刀”三大系列。

此外,如1972年在吉林库伦旗一辽墓中发掘的“大康六年”纪念铜币,也是罕见的珍品;1984年在宁夏银川贺兰山出土的西夏“光定元宝”篆、真书体对钱,引起藏界轰动;迄今为止仅发现一枚的南康“大齐通宝”、西汉时的“国宝金匮直万币”等,均堪称币中的“孤品”,具有极高的收藏和投资价值。

The dao coin of the Warring States period has a guo body, a pointed head, an arc back concave blade, a ring at the end of the handle, and two vertical oblique stripes on the back of the handle. Face text "Qi Jianbang Zhang Fahua" six son seal script. There are three transverse ridges on the upper back.

The formal name of "dao coin" is "dao (goods) dao coin", which is composed of four parts: dao head, dao body, dao handle and dao ring. The edge of the dao is outside, the blade is not outward, left but not right, the concave back and convex blade is said, the head of the dao is nearly three pictographic, the body and hilt are two rectangles of similar size, and the dao ring is round, these geometric forms are skillfully combined together to form a smooth, plump and mellow image and harmonious beauty. According to the actual measurement, the diameter of the blade ring and the length of the blade head is 1:7.5, which is exactly the proportion of the head and the height of a person. The length of the whole "dao coin" (generally about 18 cm) is almost the length of a human hand. If six dao coins are connected end to end, a ring can be formed. This is what is said in The Book of The Rites of Zhou, "Zhu shi is cut, long chi bo cun, and made into rules on six sides". These precise designs and ingenious ideas are the full embodiment of the wisdom and wisdom of the ancient working people. Later, with the expansion of qi's territory and wars with neighboring countries, the circulation of qi's knife currency gradually expanded to yan and Zhao. At this time, the dao coins formed three series of "Qi Dao", "Yan Dao" and "Zhao Dao" because of different casting places and different shapes.

In addition, such as the "Six years of Dakang" commemorative copper coin excavated in the Liao Tomb of Kulun Banner in Jilin province in 1972, is also a rare treasure; In 1984 in Ningxia Yinchuan Helan Mountain unearthed xixia "guang Ding ingot treasure" seal, the true style of the money, caused a stir in the Tibetan circle; So far, only one of the nankang "Qi Tongbao", the Western Han Dynasty "national treasure Jin Kui Zhi ten thousand coins", are called the "exclusive" coins, with high collection and investment value.

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